4.4.4 Water contamination

Several instruments have been designed for underground measurements, including water and sediment measurements. Gamma spectrometers for underwater measurements are based on tightly sealed constructions incorporating both the detector and the signal processing working in autonomous mode, thus ensuring the longest possible autonomy in operation.

Different efficiency calibrations are required for each of the cases. For the measurement of radioactivity in the water solutions containing different radionuclides can be placed in an artificial tank and the measurement results be compared with efficiency calculated by Monte Carlo simulation. For the measurement of underwater sediments, the activity of the latter can be analyzed by laboratory measurements and used with the experimental underwater measurements.